- Esther Mabafokeng MOHLAKOLA;Chunzhen CHENG;Yuling LIN;Rongfang GUO;Kyaw Thu MIN;Yukun CHEN;Zhongxiong LAI;
This study was conducted to determine effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid(2,4-D) and light on growth of gerbera(Gerbera jamesonii cv. Daxueju) callus. Callus was induced from both petiole and leaf explants of gerbera on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 3% sucrose and various concentrations of 2,4-D and placed under light and dark. Callus induction percentage, callus size and callus fresh and dry weights were efficiently higher when using petiole as explant. MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D showed the highest callus induction percentage of 96.70%. Callus induced under light had larger weight mass. It was indicated that 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D and light could promote growth of gerbera callus from petiole explant.
2017年03期 v.18 385-388+393页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 1546K] [下载次数:22 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:3 ] |[阅读次数:133 ] - Haie ZHANG;Lijuan GAO;Longfei LI;Jintao XU;Baofeng HAO;Yang YANG;Yonghong LI;
The super line 03-04-034, which results from a cross between Pyrus bretchneideri cv Jingbaili and P.ussuriensis cv Yali, is highly resistant to pear scab.Specimens were inoculated with Venturia nashicola to generate a database of expressed sequence tags(ESTs) to be used as resources for transcripts induced in inoculated and uninoculated leaves. After performing subtractive suppression hybridization using cDNA of the inoculated and uninoculated leaves harvested 51 h after inoculation, 100 clones from the uninoculated and 100 clones from the inoculated cDNA library were selected and sequenced. BLASTN searches of each cDNA library against GenBank revealed eight unique sequences associated with the defense response, comprising four ESTs from the uninoculated cDNA library(ubiquitin extension protein, subtilisin-like protease, basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH) transcription factor and aspartic endopeptidase) and four ESTs from the inoculated cDNA library(S-adenosylmethionine synthase(SAMS), heat shock factor(HSF) domain class transcription factor, RNA-binding protein and polyphenol oxidase 5 precursor).Quantitative fluorescence real-time polymerase chain analysis revealed that the transcripts for SAMS and subtilisin-like protease were highly expressed in the incompatible interaction. The SAMS gene was more highly expressed in inoculated leaves than uninoculated leaves, while the reverse was true for subtilisin-like protease. The SAMS and subtilisin-like protease genes have been found to be associated with plant defense mechanisms. Further studies of greater detail are required to understand how these genes are expressed and regulated during infection with V.nashicola.
2017年03期 v.18 389-393页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 471K] [下载次数:19 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:1 ] |[阅读次数:108 ] - 杨小林;张舒;张佑宏;
基于rep-Pot2-PCR指纹技术,对湖北省稻瘟病重发区病菌群体DNA指纹图谱进行了分析,结果表明,湖北省稻瘟病菌群体具有较丰富的遗传结构,在73%的指纹相似性水平上可将204菌株划分成112个不同的单元型和14个遗传谱系;14个谱系中没有出现绝对的优势谱系;不同年份稻瘟病菌群体遗传结构存在差异,但未发生明显的演化。DNA指纹分析的遗传谱系与生理小种(致病类型)之间呈复杂对应关系。
2017年03期 v.18 394-397+401页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 640K] [下载次数:65 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:1 ] |[阅读次数:116 ] - 撒云俐;那冬晨;
[目的]优化山楂PCR-SSCP反应体系与反应条件。[方法]以山楂为研究材料,采用改良的CTAB法分步提取叶绿体DNA和核DNA。从8对候选引物中分别筛选适合对叶绿体DNA和核DNA进行PCR扩增的引物,同时进行PCR-SSCP反应体系和反应条件的优化。琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测PCR扩增产物,非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测变性后的PCR扩增产物。[结果]筛选出ropB、ropL、rpoC1、ITS2和psbA-trnH五对引物适用于山楂的PCR-SSCP分析。电泳时,上样缓冲液(不含甘油)与PCR产物等量混合,98℃碱(1%NaOH)变性15min,采用6%的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(交联度29∶1),电泳缓冲液0.5×TBE,在4℃恒温和200 V恒压的条件下,电泳3~4 h,可得到较好的山楂PCR-SSCP电泳图谱。[结论]建立了山楂PCRSSCP最优反应体系与反应条件,为山楂SSCP分析奠定基础。
2017年03期 v.18 398-401页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 557K] [下载次数:78 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:0 ] |[阅读次数:120 ]
- 赵红;刘琨;李宏生;崔永祯;田玉仙;顾坚;李绍祥;杨木军;浦秋红;丁明亮;
[目的]优质、高产、多抗小麦新品种云麦52的产量与产量相关性状的相关性和明确云麦52的各产量相关性状对其产量的贡献大小。[方法]利用2005~2007年度云南省小麦品种区域试验数据进行相关分析和通径分析。[结果]相关分析表明:云麦52的产量与小穗数、最高茎蘖数和穗粒数与产量极显著正相关(r=0.726**、0.717**和0.695**),千粒重与产量显著正相关(r=0.491*),退化小穗数与产量显著负相关(r=-0.451*),与基本苗、有效穗和成穗率相关性不显著;而偏相关分析表明云麦52的产量仅与小穗数成极显著正相关(R=0.711**)和千粒重成显著正相关(R=0.641*),其余6个性状相关均不显著。通径分析表明:小穗数(P=0.595)、最高茎蘖数(P=0.462)、千粒重(P=0.263)对云麦52产量的贡献较大。[结论]在优质、高产、多抗小麦新品种云麦52的推广应用中,云麦52在分蘖期和拔节期增加肥水的供应保证其大穗和高分蘖力的特性以及高千粒重,同时协调发展其他产量相关性状有利于云麦52产量的提高。
2017年03期 v.18 407-410+431页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 261K] [下载次数:98 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:1 ] |[阅读次数:113 ] - Mahmut SHAWKAT;Mansur NASIR;Qijun CHEN;Halil KURBAN;
Soil salinity is one of the most important environmental factors limiting plant growth and productivity in many regions in the world. Salt stress directly affects plant photosynthesis, which is an important physiological process to limit plant growth and crop yield. But the effects of salt stress on the mechanism of the photosynthesis is still not clear. In this experiment, the salt tolerant plant Alhagi pseudalhagi was selected as the experiment material, and the salt sensitive plant Vigna radiata as the control, to explore the effects of salt stress on photosynthetic parameters of A. pseudalhagi. Plants were grown in a greenhouse,cultured with 1/2 Hoagland nutrient solution, treated by 0(control), 50, 100 or 200 s of mmol/L of NaCl solution for 12 d. Then,the chlorophyll contents, gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll a fluorescence in each treatment were measured. The results showed that under the salt stress simulated by 50 mmol/L NaCl, the net photosynthetic rate(Pn) and stomatal conductance(gs)of A. pseudalhagi were significantly increased compared with the control, while intercellular CO_2 concentration(Ci) was significantly decreased, Fv'/Fm', Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo were increased over time, but had no significant differences with the control ФPSⅡ,ETR and qP were significantly increased, and NPQ was significantly decreased. Under the salt stress simulated by 100 and 200mmol/L NaCl, Fv'/Fm', Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo, ФPSⅡ and qP of A. pseudalhagi were gradually decreased over time. In contrary, under the salt stress simulated by 50 and 100 mmol/L NaCl, the Pn, gs, Ci, Fv'/Fm', Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo, ФPSII, qP and ETR were all significantly decreased, while NPQ was significantly increased.
2017年03期 v.18 411-416+423页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 2845K] [下载次数:60 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:8 ] |[阅读次数:153 ] - Yong WANG;Meilan ZHU;Yanqing YANG;Intikhab ALAM;Xi CHENG;Tao QIN;Yunhai LU;
Napier grass, an important forage crop with potentials in multi-purpose applications, is widely grown throughout the tropics and subtropics. Low temperature severely limits its productivity and geographical distribution in temperate regions of the world. In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous abscisic Acid(ABA) on chilling tolerance of napier grass(Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) seedlings. Seven-day-old napier grass seedlings were cultured in dd H_2O or ABA solution at different concentrations and exposed to 1 ℃ for different time durations. The chilling injury, membrane stability index(MSI) and proline content were estimated from leaf samples. The results showed that there was obvious morphological injury of leaf blighting and restrained growth for the seedlings under chilling stress, but this damage can be largely reduced(by 2/3) when the seedlings were treated by 100 μmol/L ABA in the culture solution, and that the application of exogenous ABA can help to maintain a good stability of leaf cell membrane as expressed by a high MSI value and a low level of proline in leaf cells. These results suggested that exogenous ABA can significantly alleviate chilling injury in napier grass seedlings by maintaining the stability of leaf cell membrane during chilling stress, and that the chilling tolerance was not ensured by a proline accumulation although a passive accumulation of proline was observed in the seedlings under chilling stress. Our results lay a preliminary foundation for future investigations on the molecular mechanisms of ABA induced chilling or freezing tolerance in napier grass.
2017年03期 v.18 417-423页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 3341K] [下载次数:63 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:11 ] |[阅读次数:87 ] - 张真美;赵铭钦;王一丁;梅雅楠;高净净;李燕;赵东杰;王鹏泽;
采用热风循环标准烤房对烟叶进行烘烤,设置不同变黄时间和定色时间,研究烘烤过程中不同变黄条件对中性致香成分含量和感官质量的影响。结果表明:烘烤过程中,在对照基础上只延长变黄时间24 h,各类中性致香成分含量都有明显增加,其中茄酮含量增加近2.20倍;只延长定色时间24 h不利于香气成分的降解和积累;延长变黄和定色时间各24h,主要促进叶绿素降解产物新植二烯的积累,增加百分比为33.24%,但是抑制了某些致香成分的降解和积累。说明烘烤过程中,只延长变黄时间24 h,能促进各类中性致香成分含量的积累及感官质量的提高。并建立第一主成分和第二主成分各致香物质对香气总量的回归模型,分别为y=x+0.053 47(R~2=0.919 7)和y=x+0.147 5(R~2=0.698 4),经验证,该模型可行。
2017年03期 v.18 424-431页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 1134K] [下载次数:41 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:1 ] |[阅读次数:136 ] - 陈凌;乔治军;王君杰;王海岗;曹晓宁;田翔;刘思辰;秦慧彬;杨光宗;
[目的]明确不同耕作方式对糜子的水分利用效率及产量的影响。[方法]采用深耕、传统耕作、免耕、旋耕4种耕作方式,以晋黍9号为材料,研究不同耕作方式对糜子干物质积累量、土壤含水量、水分利用效率以及产量的影响。[结果]深耕、免耕、旋耕这3种耕作措施的干物质积累速度和积累量要明显高于传统耕作,且深耕最为明显;深耕在0~100 cm处的土壤含水量高于其它耕作方式,且土壤贮水量最大,水分利用效率排序依次为深>旋>免>传;穗粒重、千粒重和产量都以深耕处理的最大,传统耕作方式的最小。表明在4种耕作方式中,深耕有利于糜子产量和水分利用效率的提高。[结论]该研究为糜子主产区提高水分利用效率提供了科学依据。
2017年03期 v.18 432-434+437页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 427K] [下载次数:50 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:2 ] |[阅读次数:127 ] - 孙英;王郑龙;张春杨;
水杨酸是一类广泛存在于环境中并持续存在的污染物,微生物降解水杨酸作为生物修复的一种,具有费用低、效果好、无二次污染的优点,获得国内外广泛研究。目前,大量水杨酸降解菌获得分离和筛选,而水杨酸代谢的分子机制也得到了深入研究。对微生物降解水杨酸的分子机制研究进展进行了概述,介绍了儿茶酚间位裂解途径、龙胆酸途径等多种水杨酸降解途径,以及参与水杨酸降解的调控基因的最新研究进展。
2017年03期 v.18 435-437页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 130K] [下载次数:247 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:2 ] |[阅读次数:128 ]
- 徐钰;刘兆辉;魏建林;石璟;谭德水;王梅;李国生;江丽华;
为明确北方典型设施菜地N_2O的排放特征,在"中国蔬菜之乡"——山东省寿光市的秋冬茬设施番茄土壤上利用静态暗箱-气相色谱法,对不施氮肥(CK)、单施有机肥(OM)、农民习惯施(FP)和减氮优化施肥(OPT)4个处理下的N_2O排放通量进行了观测,并分析了其对N_2O排放量和蔬菜产量的影响。结果表明,施肥并灌溉后的一段时间内,会观测到N_2O的"脉冲式"排放,最高排放峰值出现在基肥+灌溉后,且排放高峰持续近20 d,而由追肥引起的排放峰值小且持续时间仅3~5 d。统计分析表明,温度和水分都是影响设施菜地N_2O排放的环境因素。各处理土壤N_2O排放总量差异显著,顺序依次为:FP(14.77 kg/hm~2)>OPT(9.73kg/hm~2)>OM(6.84 kg/hm~2)>CK(2.37 kg/hm~2),N_2O排放系数介于0.83%~1.10%之间,接近或超过IPCC 1.0%的推荐值。与FP处理相比,减少近60%化肥N的OPT处理下番茄产量增加2.2%。在目前管理措施下,合理减少有机肥和化肥施氮量是设施蔬菜地N_2O减排的有效途径。
2017年03期 v.18 438-442页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 783K] [下载次数:118 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:2 ] |[阅读次数:120 ] - 曾艳;周柳强;黄金生;区惠平;朱晓晖;谭宏伟;谢如林;
[目的]通过分析评价广西甘蔗种植区的土壤肥力状况,为甘蔗科学合理种植及施肥提供理论依据,并进一步完善广西蔗地土壤肥力评价体系。[方法]对采自广西甘蔗种植区3 006个样点的耕层土壤样品进行养分测定,并采用改进的Nemerow肥力综合指数法评价该基地土壤的肥力特征。[结果]试验结果表明,广西蔗区土壤质地粘重,绝大多数土壤偏酸性,平均值为4.94;土壤有效硼缺乏,平均含量为0.24 mg/kg;土壤交换性镁含量偏低,平均值为62.34 mg/kg;有机质含量一般,碱解N、速效P、速效K、有效铜、有效锌、有效锰、有效钙含量总体处于中等水平,但呈现养分区域不平衡现象与高产土壤条件相比仍有较大差距。改进的Nemerow肥力综合指数法评价结果显示,蔗地土壤肥力为Ⅲ级,即低肥力水平,综合肥力指数为0.56。单项肥力指数有效铜,有效锌,交换性镁,速效,有效锰,碱解氮处于贫瘠水平,其他指标处于一般肥力水平或较高肥力水平。[结论]广西甘蔗种植区土壤肥力总体属于较低水平;采用上述综合评价方法 ,可提高土壤肥力评价的定量化水平和科学性,从而可减少评价过程中主观因素的影响。
2017年03期 v.18 443-448+451页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 288K] [下载次数:211 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:9 ] |[阅读次数:113 ] - 董美芹;李娟;张俊杰;于立芝;潘仕梅;
[目的]为韭菜生产过程中合理选择有机肥料种类,提高韭菜产量和效益提供理论依据。[方法]采用盆栽试验,研究了花生饼肥、鸡粪和蘑菇渣3种有机肥对韭菜生长及产量的影响。[结果]施用有机肥韭菜株高、茎粗和叶宽均优于对照(处理4),以花生饼肥(处理1)表现最优,其次是鸡粪(处理2),蘑菇渣(处理3)最差;施用花生饼肥(处理1)的产量和经济效益最高,分别为65.514 t/hm~2、175.556万元/hm~2,依次是施用鸡粪(处理2),施用蘑菇渣(处理3)的产量和经济效益最低。[结论]韭菜生产中选择花生饼肥做有机肥可以显著提高韭菜的产量和经济效益。
2017年03期 v.18 449-451页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 141K] [下载次数:132 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:5 ] |[阅读次数:105 ] - 欧阳平;林超文;刘海涛;朱波;罗付香;朱永群;张建华;
为探明控释氮肥对紫色土坡耕地氧化亚氮(N_2O)排放量的影响,以不施肥为对照(CK),研究了尿素(UR)、缓控释氮肥(CR)、缓控释氮肥+尿素(25%CR,尿素75%)各处理对玉米产量、玉米生育期的径流和氮素损失量以及N_2O排放量的影响。结果表明,对照处理玉米产量最低,径流损失量最大,壤中流氮素损失量和N_2O排放量要远低于施肥处理,说明施肥是造成氮素流失和氧化亚氮排放的主要原因。缓控释氮肥处理生育期的壤中流氮素损失量在4个处理中最大,为31.7 kg/hm~2,但N_2O排放量为0.35 kg/hm~2,比尿素处理降低了37%。控释氮肥+尿素处理壤中流氮素损失在施肥处理中最低,为20.9 kg/hm~2,N_2O排放量比尿素处理低15%。控释氮肥的氮素在生育期内缓慢释放,低的土壤无机氮使得控释氮肥能够降低坡耕地N_2O排放,但控释氮肥会导致壤中流氮素损失量增大。因此,控释氮肥和尿素配合使用在降低N_2O排放的同时,还能减少壤中流氮素损失。
2017年03期 v.18 452-455+482页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 463K] [下载次数:91 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:1 ] |[阅读次数:107 ]
- Yajun WANG;
The relationships between the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)(1981-2006) in growing season and precipitation, NDVI and mean temperature(T_(mean)), NDVI and maximum temperature(T_(max)), NDVI and minimum temperature(T_(min)), and NDVI and the Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI) were analyzed. The results indicated that NDVI during the growing season was mostly positively and significantly correlated with precipitation last month and the month before last, and mostly negatively with temperature. There were negative and significant correlation between NDVI in June and July and T_(mean)and T_(max)in May respectively, between April NDVI and T_(min)in February and March, and between June NDVI and T_(min)in April, May and June. Vegetation cover in growing season correlated positively with PDSI, especially those last month and the month before last at 0.05 significance level, even 0.01 level. Hydrothermal conditions from March to July had significant influence on vegetation cover.
2017年03期 v.18 456-457+463页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 497K] [下载次数:21 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:0 ] |[阅读次数:112 ] - Na ZHANG;Deming JIANG;Alamusa;Yongjiao HAN;
Water was a key factor restricting the plantation in sandy areas. Foliar δ~(13)C value regarded as an indicator of longterm water use efficiency(WUE) of plants was generally used to evaluate the adaptability of plants to arid and semi-arid environment. In Horqin sandy land of China, the foliar δ~(13)C values of 114 species in 35 families naturally growing in the area, and 15 species of sand-fixing trees and shrubs were measured and analyzed in 2012. The results showed that 97 species in all 114 species were C_3 plants and only 17 species were C_4 plants. Most C_4 plants belonged to Gramineae family. The foliar δ~(13)C value of C_3 plants was between -25.000 and -31.075‰ with an average of-28.226‰, while those of C_4 plants between -12.578 and -16.334‰, with an average of -13.678‰. The δ~(13)C values of mature leaves collected in August were averagely 0.85‰ less than that of juvenile leaves collected in June. The foliar δ~(13)C values and WUE of 15 sand-fixing tree species in Horqin sandy land ranked in the order as: S.vulgaris >H.rhamnoides >C.ovata >P.mongolica >T.chinensis >R.typhina >S.matsudana >E.angustifolia >U.pumila >S.gordejevii >X.sorbifolia >C.microphylla >H.fruticosum >C.korshinskii >E.bungeanus.
2017年03期 v.18 458-463页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 349K] [下载次数:15 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:0 ] |[阅读次数:117 ] - Yun YANG;
In the present study, lean-to greenhouses were built by sharing a wall of piggeries. The vents in the wall allowed the air exchange between the piggeries and the greenhouses, so that carbon dioxide(CO_2) could be released from the piggeries to the greenhouses, and oxygen(O_2) could be released from the greenhouses to the piggeries. In the greenhouses, tomato, Chinese cabbage and muskmelon were planted and their quality indices were determined to evaluate their response to elevated CO_2. The results showed that the CO_2 concentration in greenhouse was increased, and under such conditions the yield and quality of all tomato, Chinese cabbage and muskmelon were improved.
2017年03期 v.18 464+468页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 74K] [下载次数:5 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:0 ] |[阅读次数:100 ]
- Congchao ZHANG;Jinglong LI;Wenbo WANG;Lei LIU;Xiaohong GU;
[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the pollution caused by staphylococcal enterotoxins(SE) in raw milk and the safety of dairy products in Jinan, and to provide a scientific basis for food safety risk analysis. [Method] A total of 130 raw milk samples were collected from different regions of Jinan, and detected for Staphylococcus aureus by referring to GB4789.10-2010. Then, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect whether the S.aureus strains produced enterotoxins, and the enterotoxin type was identified using colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic test strips. [Result] Fiftyseven of the raw milk samples were polluted by S.aureus, so the detection rate of S.aureus was 43.85%; and 11 of the strains produced enterotoxins. Among the 11 enterotoxin-producing strains, seven produced SEB, only one produced SEC, and the SE type of other three strains was not identified. [Conclusion] Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic test strips can be used in combination to rapidly detect staphylococcal enterotoxins and identify enterotoxin type, although there are some limitations. SEB is the main type of staphylococcal enterotoxin causing pollution in milk of Shandong Province.
2017年03期 v.18 465-468页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 155K] [下载次数:12 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:0 ] |[阅读次数:106 ] - 刘佳妮;徐松萍;刘华青;张俨;李国涛;仇燕红;
昆虫是最具潜力的动物性蛋白饲料资源,其繁殖快、数量大,蛋白质含量高,且大多数种类的昆虫都可以作为畜禽的饲料利用,开发昆虫用作饲料资源,对促进我国畜牧业及饲料工业的发展,具有重要意义。
2017年03期 v.18 469-472页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 155K] [下载次数:525 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:7 ] |[阅读次数:113 ] - 赵洪文;毛进彬;阿农呷;罗晓林;安添午;焦卫民;任洪辉;
为研究昌台牦牛的产肉性能,了解昌台牦牛种质资源特性,对8头(5公3母)成年昌台牦牛进行了屠宰测定。结果表明,成年昌台公、母牦牛宰前重分别为364.32、266.83 kg,差异极显著(P<0.01);胴体重分别为186.60、125.67 kg,差异极显著(P<0.01);净骨重分别为39.74、25.00 kg,差异极显著(P<0.01);净肉重分别为147.84、100.83 kg,差异极显著(P<0.01);屠宰率分别为51.15%、49.34%,差异显著(P<0.05);净肉率分别为40.54%、37.66%,差异显著(P<0.05);胴体产肉率分别为79.29%、80.24%,差异不显著(P>0.05);骨肉比分别为1∶3.73、1∶4.03,差异极显著(P<0.01)。昌台牦牛生长发育性能较好,产肉性能潜力大,应当进一步挖掘选育,加快其选育进程。
2017年03期 v.18 473-475+486页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 168K] [下载次数:42 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:0 ] |[阅读次数:96 ] - 王合叶;赵永富;冯敏;
[目的]冷鲜鸡生产工艺提供参考。[方法]采用乳酸作为冷却水中添加的消毒剂,研究了消毒时间对冷鲜鸡肉卫生和品质的影响。[结果]消毒20 min时,菌落总数、大肠菌群和霉菌的去除率均达到95%以上,再延长消毒时间不仅对微生物含量的去除效果不明显,而且会影响冷鲜鸡肉的嫩度和肉色等品质指标。[结论]该研究可以为冷鲜鸡的生产工艺的设计与优化提供参考。
2017年03期 v.18 476-477+489页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 469K] [下载次数:54 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:0 ] |[阅读次数:111 ]
- 游书梅;曹应江;郑家奎;蒋开锋;张涛;杨莉;杨乾华;万先齐;郭小蛟;秦俭;罗婧;李昭祥;高磊;
[目的]分析中国与南亚水稻恢复系资源产量及其构成要素的一般配合力差异,为引进与利用南亚资源提供参考。[方法]按照NCⅡ设计,将来自中国和印度等国的37份恢复系材料分别与46A、泸98A和德香074杂交,获得111份杂交种作为试验材料。在四川泸州和德阳两个环境下,分析8个产量性状的配合力。[结果]在两种环境下,8个性状在组合间、恢复系间、不育系间、不育系×恢复系间均达到显著或极显著差异水平,说明各组合间基因效应确实存在着遗传差异;亲本一般配合力方差均大于特殊配合力方差,表明这些性状受到基因加性效应的影响。恢复系对杂种一代性状的影响大于不育系。来自印度和孟加拉的9份材料的有效穗一般配合力在两个环境中都排在前15位。[结论]中国与南亚恢复资源产量性状配合力有一定的差异,印度和孟加拉资源有效穗配合力好于中国资源,中国资源其他性状一般配合力优于南亚来源材料。
2017年03期 v.18 478-482页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 203K] [下载次数:52 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:0 ] |[阅读次数:144 ] - 吕宏斌;钱敏;李朝华;徐加万;丁明亮;刘宏珺;梅新彪;王海德;陈良;黄洁;杨林仙;李政芳;
[目的]明确两系杂交水稻两优2111产量与重要农艺性状之间的相互关系。[方法]依据在云南省6个州市(县)两优2111的种植表现,运用主成分分析方法分析了两优2111的产量及其与10个重要农艺性状的相关关系。[结果]影响两优2111产量的最主要因素是穗粒数、实粒数、穗长、生育期和成穗率;其次是千粒重、结实率、有效穗和最高茎蘖数;再次是株高。[结论]两优2111在云南省各籼稻区推广种植时,应着重保证其穗部性状尤其是穗粒数和实粒数的增多,协调其他性状的发展以实现高产。
2017年03期 v.18 483-486页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 166K] [下载次数:134 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:7 ] |[阅读次数:138 ] - 张现伟;李经勇;官治文;姚雄;肖人鹏;刘强明;唐永群;
分析了2006~2015年国审水稻品种情况。10a间平均每年审定49.4个品种。在品种结构上,三系杂交稻品种比例呈现下降趋势,两系杂交稻品种比例快速增长;科研院校选育的品种数量呈下降趋势,以种业公司为主体的商业化育种快速发展,逐渐成为水稻育种的主要模式。在品质结构上,审定的常规稻品种优质率较高,杂交稻优质率呈下降趋势,品质改良亟需加强。
2017年03期 v.18 487-489页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 252K] [下载次数:80 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:1 ] |[阅读次数:106 ] - 孙裕蕴;张小勇;陶小美;张世天;
金刚2号黑美人是以ZK09为母本,ZS05为父本配制而成的早熟、抗病性强的中小果型西瓜新品种。全生育期春茬90~110 d、秋茬70~80 d,果实发育期27~29 d。果实长椭圆形,果形指数1.5,平均单果重3.18 kg,果面光滑,果皮深绿色底布隐暗墨绿色网纹,果肉大红一致,瓜质脆,中心可溶性固形物含量11.5%,中边梯度小。皮厚1.0 cm,耐贮运,外观美,商品性好。适宜在广西、广东和海南等省区栽培。
2017年03期 v.18 490-491+495页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 125K] [下载次数:31 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:0 ] |[阅读次数:147 ] - 穆青;蔡立;
介绍了膜下、碗罩式井窖移栽技术在黔西南州的应用,并将两种井窖式移栽技术进行了比较,得出碗罩式井窖移栽技术具有保护生态环境、减工降本、抵御恶劣气候等优点。该研究为碗罩式井窖移栽技术在各大烟区推广提供了理论基础。
2017年03期 v.18 496-497+502页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 1123K] [下载次数:50 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:0 ] |[阅读次数:133 ] - 闫会;李强;张允刚;王欣;刘亚菊;后猛;唐维;马代夫;
为研究紫肉甘薯主要块根品质性状在不同土壤类型和生态环境的变异,选用18个紫肉甘薯品系,在盐城和徐州2个试点进行异地鉴定试验,分析不同土壤类型和生态环境下紫甘薯块根品质的变化规律。结果表明,基因型(G)、环境(E)和基因型×环境(G×E)互作对紫肉甘薯块根花青苷、干率、淀粉、蛋白质、还原性糖和可溶性糖影响均达显著水平。花青苷含量的E效应大于G和G×E互作效应,其他品质性状则表现为G×E互作效应较大。蛋白质、还原糖和可溶性糖含量在徐州试点较高,粗淀粉含量和花青苷含量在盐城试点较高。盐城和徐州两试点各品质性状变异系数变幅一致,均为:花青苷>还原糖>可溶性糖>蛋白质>淀粉,其中花青苷含量变异系数徐州较高,其他性状变异系数盐城试点较高。相关性分析表明,糖分含量与淀粉含量呈极显著负相关,与花青苷和蛋白质含量无显著相关性,干率和淀粉含量呈极显著正相关,花青苷含量和其他品质性状无显著相关性。
2017年03期 v.18 516-520+523页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 492K] [下载次数:109 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:3 ] |[阅读次数:136 ] - 陈银华;徐伟忠;章金栋;林伟洋;杨乐蓉;
气雾栽培是一种新型的无土栽培模式,是让植物的根系离开了基质与水,把植物的根系完全置于气雾环境下进行生长发育的一种新型栽培模式。该文介绍了辣椒的金子塔式气雾栽培技术,并从基地的建设、气雾栽培流程和日常管理方面进行了总结。
2017年03期 v.18 521-523页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 133K] [下载次数:266 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:7 ] |[阅读次数:103 ]
- 何建刚;肖长义;王春燕;李世刚;王慧;柳蔚;
[目的]了解湖北青砖茶发酵过程的变化实质,分析湖北青砖茶于发酵前后叶片组织成分的变化情况。[方法]分别取发酵前后10片茶叶叶片,切片染色处理后于光镜下观察,统计叶片纤维组分与细胞胶团质组分的面积大小,分析面积变化情况。同时做叶片的透射电镜观察。[结果]与发酵前的茶叶相比,发酵后的叶片组织较为疏松,细胞室变大,由纤维素构成的细胞壁结构明显变薄,甚至出现断裂。叶片内可见明显菌体的断面。图像分析显示叶片组织的纤维成份减少显著,而黄色的茶叶细胞胶团质成分的含量相对增加。电镜观察,胞壁室内,位于胶团质和细胞壁之间的空隙内有多量菌体存在。[结论]湖北青砖茶的发酵过程是以微生物为主导、对茶叶进行生物转化作用的过程,这种转化主要消耗叶片组织中的纤维素成分。
2017年03期 v.18 492-495页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 1277K] [下载次数:86 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:0 ] |[阅读次数:161 ] - 潘丹丹;汤锋;岳永德;
建立了硫丹(Endosulfan)在苹果中残留分析方法。样品用30 ml丙酮:乙酸乙酯(9:1)提取,5 g 5%水脱活处理的Florisi L(含活性炭)柱层析净化,气相色谱测定。硫丹3种单体的最小检测量分别为10~(-11)、10~(-11)、2.5×10~(-11)g。苹果样品中α-硫丹的添加回收率为86.54%~95.34%,变异系数为1.45%~4.73%;β-硫丹的添加回收率为82.91%~100.63%,变异系数为1.39%~4.72%;硫丹硫酸酯82.22%~101.15%,变异系数为0.75%~3.99%。方法的最低检出浓度分别为2.5×10~(-3)mg/kg,2.5×10~(-3)mg/kg,6.25×10~(-3)mg/kg。该方法的准确度、精确度、灵敏度均达到农药残留分析的要求。
2017年03期 v.18 498-502页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 788K] [下载次数:38 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:1 ] |[阅读次数:134 ] - 邓杰;戴林建;苏招红;杨苏;周田;
采用室内试验方法,将成熟期离体烤烟上部叶置于不同光照强度的人工气候箱中,在相同的温湿度下对烟叶喷施不同的试剂处理,使用SPAD-502仪对烟叶每个时间点的相对叶绿素含量进行测定。结果表明:在相同的光照强度下,0.45g/L的二氧化钛复合氧化石墨烯喷施处理在72h内能保持较高的相对叶绿素含量;而同一喷施处理下,光照强度的增加会加快烟叶中叶绿素的降解进程。
2017年03期 v.18 503-505页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 976K] [下载次数:51 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:0 ] |[阅读次数:109 ] - 吴之林;
[目的]研究开发一种新型人参核桃乳饮料。[方法]以人参、核桃为主要原料,通过感官评定和稳定性研究等方式,对人参核桃乳饮料的风味配制、乳化稳定剂的选择进行了研究,通过试验确定了合适的工艺参数。[结果]人参水提取液的最佳添加量经试验选择为20%,蔗糖添加量经试验选择为6%;复合乳化剂选用单甘脂:蔗糖酯=1:2,其综合添加量选用为0.3%,酪蛋白酸钠添加量为0.4%,稳定剂为卡拉胶,添加量为0.1%;按此参数配制所得的核桃乳产品比较细腻,香气淳厚,风味怡人,且稳定性好。[结论]本研究可为人参核桃乳饮料的开发提供参考。
2017年03期 v.18 509-513页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 295K] [下载次数:244 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:1 ] |[阅读次数:105 ] - Ling LIN;Chunliang YANG;Jianzhi YE;
The aim of this work was to establish a method that the 6 synthetic pigments in compound wine were determined by HPLC.The synthetic pigments in the compound wines were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction, separated by C_(18) symmetry chromatographic column, with 0.02 mol/L ammonium acetate and methanol as the mobile phase with gradient elution, the sample was detected by diode array detector.The test results showed that the artificial synthetic pigment in 0.20-20 μg/L range of concentration had a good linear relationship(r>0.999 2), the detection limits were 0.000 16-0.001 04 g/kg, the recovery rates were 82.0%-97.0%, the relative standard deviation were 0.7%-3.5%. The method was simple, rapid, high sensitivity, good separation effect and can be widely used in the daily inspection work.
2017年03期 v.18 514-515+523页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 183K] [下载次数:36 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:1 ] |[阅读次数:111 ]
- 李真;金大勇;
[目的]分离筛选出对鳞翅目害虫高毒力的新苏云金杆菌。[方法]通过温度筛选法从长白山区土壤中分离出苏云金杆菌,再通过生物测定和毒力测定筛选出高毒力苏云金杆菌。[结果 ]从150份土壤样品中分离出18株苏云金杆菌,其分离率为12.0%,其中山地分离率为8.5%,农田分离率为16.2%。活性测定结果 ,18株菌株中对小菜蛾、斜纹夜蛾及甜菜夜蛾致死率超过90%的菌株分别有17株、5株和4株,其中YN1-1菌株对3种害虫都表现出高活性。毒力测定结果,YN1-1菌株对甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾的速效性最好;对甜菜夜蛾高毒力菌株依次为YN6-2>YN1-1>YN4-2>YN2-6;对斜纹夜蛾高毒力菌株依次为YN4-4>YN1-1>YN6-1>YN4-1>YN2-1。[结论]经活性测定和毒力测定,最终筛选出广谱性、速效性及高毒力的YN1-1为目标菌株。
2017年03期 v.18 506-508+513页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 573K] [下载次数:82 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:4 ] |[阅读次数:139 ] - 余铮;袁桂平;谭显胜;王义成;金晨钟;
该文旨在研究20%氰氟草酯WP对水稻直播田禾本科杂草的防控效果和应用安全性,为水稻直播田草害的化学防控提供依据。在大田试验中采取4种浓度的20%氰氟草酯WP和100 g/L氰氟草酯EC对水稻直播田千金子、稗草等禾本科杂草的防除效果进行了测定,且对水稻的增产效果和安全性进行了分析。20%氰氟草酯WP对水稻直播田千金子、稗草等禾本科杂草具有良好的防除效果,有效成分用量90~150 g/hm~2对千金子防效在90.7%以上,对禾本科杂草的综合防效均在86.7%以上,与对照药剂100 g/L氰氟草酯EC基本一致。且20%氰氟草酯WP对直播田水稻高度安全,施药后能提高水稻产量,增产幅度为10.18%~11.22%。20%氰氟草酯WP可作为水稻直播田防除千金子的特效药剂,有着良好的应用前景。
2017年03期 v.18 537-539+542页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 192K] [下载次数:120 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:1 ] |[阅读次数:135 ] - 孙扣忠;赫明涛;
研究了玉黄金、烯世宝、玉米壮丰灵、玉米健壮素4种玉米生长调节剂在金海5号玉米上的使用效果,结果表明几种植物生长调节剂对玉米的株高和穗位高都有不同程度的降低作用,同时降低玉米空秆率和倒伏株率。玉米主要经济产量性状穗长、穗粗、秃尖长及百粒质量都有一定的改善,产量水平均有较大幅度的提高,其中玉黄金300 ml/hm~2处理比对照增产达17.43%。
2017年03期 v.18 540-542页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 282K] [下载次数:77 ] |[网刊下载次数:0 ] |[引用频次:0 ] |[阅读次数:138 ]